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Learning HTML is hard enough, without having to memorize dozens of tags & attributes. That’s why we’ve put together this handy HTML cheat sheet for you to print out & keep by your side as you learn to code HTML, CSS & javascript. It makes the process of.
- CSS Cheat Sheet. A quick reference list of basic CSS properties for changing text, layout and colour of HTML elements, as well as how to include them in your web page. Not sure what CSS is, perhaps see the cascading style sheets introduction first:-).
- HTML Cheat Sheet. This cheat sheet - or HTML code quick reference - lists the common HTML tags and their attributes, grouped into relevant sections in an easy-to-read format. Perhaps check out where to start or what is html first:-) Basic HTML Structure.
| Tag | Description |
|---|---|
| <!--...--> | Defines a comment |
| <!DOCTYPE> | Defines the document type |
| <a> | Defines a hyperlink |
| <abbr> | Defines an abbreviation or an acronym |
| <acronym> | Not supported in HTML5. Use <abbr> instead. Defines an acronym |
| <address> | Defines contact information for the author/owner of a document |
| <applet> | Not supported in HTML5. Use <embed> or <object> instead. Defines an embedded applet |
| <area> | Defines an area inside an image map |
| <article> | Defines an article |
| <aside> | Defines content aside from the page content |
| <audio> | Defines embedded sound content |
| <b> | Defines bold text |
| <base> | Specifies the base URL/target for all relative URLs in a document |
| <basefont> | Not supported in HTML5. Use CSS instead. Specifies a default color, size, and font for all text in a document |
| <bdi> | Isolates a part of text that might be formatted in a different direction from other text outside it |
| <bdo> | Overrides the current text direction |
| <big> | Not supported in HTML5. Use CSS instead. Defines big text |
| <blockquote> | Defines a section that is quoted from another source |
| <body> | Defines the document's body |
| <br> | Defines a single line break |
| <button> | Defines a clickable button |
| <canvas> | Used to draw graphics, on the fly, via scripting (usually JavaScript) |
| <caption> | Defines a table caption |
| <center> | Not supported in HTML5. Use CSS instead. Defines centered text |
| <cite> | Defines the title of a work |
| <code> | Defines a piece of computer code |
| <col> | Specifies column properties for each column within a <colgroup> element |
| <colgroup> | Specifies a group of one or more columns in a table for formatting |
| <data> | Adds a machine-readable translation of a given content |
| <datalist> | Specifies a list of pre-defined options for input controls |
| <dd> | Defines a description/value of a term in a description list |
| <del> | Defines text that has been deleted from a document |
| <details> | Defines additional details that the user can view or hide |
| <dfn> | Specifies a term that is going to be defined within the content |
| <dialog> | Defines a dialog box or window |
| <dir> | Not supported in HTML5. Use <ul> instead. Defines a directory list |
| <div> | Defines a section in a document |
| <dl> | Defines a description list |
| <dt> | Defines a term/name in a description list |
| <em> | Defines emphasized text |
| <embed> | Defines a container for an external application |
| <fieldset> | Groups related elements in a form |
| <figcaption> | Defines a caption for a <figure> element |
| <figure> | Specifies self-contained content |
| <font> | Not supported in HTML5. Use CSS instead. Defines font, color, and size for text |
| <footer> | Defines a footer for a document or section |
| <form> | Defines an HTML form for user input |
| <frame> | Not supported in HTML5. Defines a window (a frame) in a frameset |
| <frameset> | Not supported in HTML5. Defines a set of frames |
| <h1> to <h6> | Defines HTML headings |
| <head> | Contains metadata/information for the document |
| <header> | Defines a header for a document or section |
| <hr> | Defines a thematic change in the content |
| <html> | Defines the root of an HTML document |
| <i> | Defines a part of text in an alternate voice or mood |
| <iframe> | Defines an inline frame |
| <img> | Defines an image |
| <input> | Defines an input control |
| <ins> | Defines a text that has been inserted into a document |
| <kbd> | Defines keyboard input |
| <label> | Defines a label for an <input> element |
| <legend> | Defines a caption for a <fieldset> element |
| <li> | Defines a list item |
| <link> | Defines the relationship between a document and an external resource (most used to link to style sheets) |
| <main> | Specifies the main content of a document |
| <map> | Defines an image map |
| <mark> | Defines marked/highlighted text |
| <meta> | Defines metadata about an HTML document |
| <meter> | Defines a scalar measurement within a known range (a gauge) |
| <nav> | Defines navigation links |
| <noframes> | Not supported in HTML5. Defines an alternate content for users that do not support frames |
| <noscript> | Defines an alternate content for users that do not support client-side scripts |
| <object> | Defines a container for an external application |
| <ol> | Defines an ordered list |
| <optgroup> | Defines a group of related options in a drop-down list |
| <option> | Defines an option in a drop-down list |
| <output> | Defines the result of a calculation |
| <p> | Defines a paragraph |
| <param> | Defines a parameter for an object |
| <picture> | Defines a container for multiple image resources |
| <pre> | Defines preformatted text |
| <progress> | Represents the progress of a task |
| <q> | Defines a short quotation |
| <rp> | Defines what to show in browsers that do not support ruby annotations |
| <rt> | Defines an explanation/pronunciation of characters (for East Asian typography) |
| <ruby> | Defines a ruby annotation (for East Asian typography) |
| <s> | Defines text that is no longer correct |
| <samp> | Defines sample output from a computer program |
| <script> | Defines a client-side script |
| <section> | Defines a section in a document |
| <select> | Defines a drop-down list |
| <small> | Defines smaller text |
| <source> | Defines multiple media resources for media elements (<video> and <audio>) |
| <span> | Defines a section in a document |
| <strike> | Not supported in HTML5. Use <del> or <s> instead. Defines strikethrough text |
| <strong> | Defines important text |
| <style> | Defines style information for a document |
| <sub> | Defines subscripted text |
| <summary> | Defines a visible heading for a <details> element |
| <sup> | Defines superscripted text |
| <svg> | Defines a container for SVG graphics |
| <table> | Defines a table |
| <tbody> | Groups the body content in a table |
| <td> | Defines a cell in a table |
| <template> | Defines a container for content that should be hidden when the page loads |
| <textarea> | Defines a multiline input control (text area) |
| <tfoot> | Groups the footer content in a table |
| <th> | Defines a header cell in a table |
| <thead> | Groups the header content in a table |
| <time> | Defines a specific time (or datetime) |
| <title> | Defines a title for the document |
| <tr> | Defines a row in a table |
| <track> | Defines text tracks for media elements (<video> and <audio>) |
| <tt> | Not supported in HTML5. Use CSS instead. Defines teletype text |
| <u> | Defines some text that is unarticulated and styled differently from normal text |
| <ul> | Defines an unordered list |
| <var> | Defines a variable |
| <video> | Defines embedded video content |
| <wbr> | Defines a possible line-break |
CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets.
CSS saves a lot of work. It can control the layout of multiple web pages all at once.
Colors, Boxes
What is CSS?
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is used to format the layout of a webpage.
With CSS, you can control the color, font, the size of text, the spacing between elements, how elements are positioned and laid out, what background images or background colors are to be used, different displays for different devices and screen sizes, and much more!
Tip: The word cascading means that a style applied to a parent element will also apply to all children elements within the parent. So, if you set the color of the body text to 'blue', all headings, paragraphs, and other text elements within the body will also get the same color (unless you specify something else)!
Using CSS
CSS can be added to HTML documents in 3 ways:
- Inline - by using the
styleattribute inside HTML elements - Internal - by using a
<style>element in the<head>section - External - by using a
<link>element to link to an external CSS file
The most common way to add CSS, is to keep the styles in external CSS files. However, in this tutorial we will use inline and internal styles, because this is easier to demonstrate, and easier for you to try it yourself.
Inline CSS
An inline CSS is used to apply a unique style to a single HTML element.
An inline CSS uses the style attribute of an HTML element.
The following example sets the text color of the <h1> element to blue, and the text color of the <p> element to red:
Example
<h1>A Blue Heading</h1>
<p>A red paragraph.</p>
Try it Yourself »<p>A red paragraph.</p>
Internal CSS
An internal CSS is used to define a style for a single HTML page.
An internal CSS is defined in the <head> section of an HTML page, within a <style> element.
The following example sets the text color of ALL the <h1> elements (on that page) to blue, and the text color of ALL the <p> elements to red. In addition, the page will be displayed with a 'powderblue' background color:
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
body {background-color: powderblue;}
h1 {color: blue;}
p {color: red;}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
Try it Yourself »<html>
<head>
<style>
body {background-color: powderblue;}
h1 {color: blue;}
p {color: red;}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
External CSS
An external style sheet is used to define the style for many HTML pages.
To use an external style sheet, add a link to it in the <head> section of each HTML page:
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<link href='styles.css'>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
Try it Yourself »<html>
<head>
<link href='styles.css'>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
The external style sheet can be written in any text editor. The file must not contain any HTML code, and must be saved with a .css extension.
Here is what the 'styles.css' file looks like:
'styles.css':
body {
background-color: powderblue;
}
h1 {
color: blue;
}
p {
color: red;
}
background-color: powderblue;
}
h1 {
color: blue;
}
p {
color: red;
}
Tip: With an external style sheet, you can change the look of an entire web site, by changing one file!
CSS Colors, Fonts and Sizes
Here, we will demonstrate some commonly used CSS properties. You will learn more about them later.
The CSS color property defines the text color to be used.
The CSS font-family property defines the font to be used.
The CSS font-size property defines the text size to be used.
Example
Use of CSS color, font-family and font-size properties:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
h1 {
color: blue;
font-family: verdana;
font-size: 300%;
}
p {
color: red;
font-family: courier;
font-size: 160%;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
Try it Yourself »<html>
<head>
<style>
h1 {
color: blue;
font-family: verdana;
font-size: 300%;
}
p {
color: red;
font-family: courier;
font-size: 160%;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
CSS Border
The CSS border property defines a border around an HTML element.
Tip: You can define a border for nearly all HTML elements.
Example
Use of CSS border property:
Try it Yourself »CSS Padding
W3schools Download Pdf
The CSS padding property defines a padding (space) between the text and the border.
Example
Use of CSS border and padding properties:
p {
border: 2px solid powderblue;
padding: 30px;
}
border: 2px solid powderblue;
padding: 30px;
}
Try it Yourself »CSS Margin
The CSS margin property defines a margin (space) outside the border.
Example
Use of CSS border and margin properties:
p {
border: 2px solid powderblue;
margin: 50px;
}
Try it Yourself »border: 2px solid powderblue;
margin: 50px;
}
Link to External CSS
External style sheets can be referenced with a full URL or with a path relative to the current web page.
Example
This example uses a full URL to link to a style sheet:
<link href='https://www.w3schools.com/html/styles.css'>
Example
This example links to a style sheet located in the html folder on the current web site:
Example
This example links to a style sheet located in the same folder as the current page:
You can read more about file paths in the chapter HTML File Paths.
Chapter Summary
- Use the HTML
styleattribute for inline styling - Use the HTML
<style>element to define internal CSS - Use the HTML
<link>element to refer to an external CSS file - Use the HTML
<head>element to store <style> and <link> elements - Use the CSS
colorproperty for text colors - Use the CSS
font-familyproperty for text fonts - Use the CSS
font-sizeproperty for text sizes - Use the CSS
borderproperty for borders - Use the CSS
paddingproperty for space inside the border - Use the CSS
marginproperty for space outside the border
Tip: You can learn much more about CSS in our CSS Tutorial.
HTML Exercises
W3schools Html Form
HTML Style Tags
| Tag | Description |
|---|---|
| <style> | Defines style information for an HTML document |
| <link> | Defines a link between a document and an external resource |
For a complete list of all available HTML tags, visit our HTML Tag Reference.
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